The essay aims to offer a glance of the role of ecclesiastical institutions and religious sensitivity in the development of the Italian educational system in the 16th century. It is well known that the 16th century is a turning point in the history of school and literacy in Europe, because of the process of mass literacy in Western Europe begins. The expansion of access to education was stimulated by political, economic (such as the birth of the modern state and the birth of large commercial companies) and cultural factors (easer accessibility in readings thanks to the technical evolution of printing). However, the contribution of the civil authorities to the development of school systems is marginal because the protagonists are the Reformed Churches and the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church is not directly involved in the school system. The schools are opened by religious institutions or by individuals fascinated by a religious sensitivity QUADERNI DI INTERCULTURa 104 that pushes the faithful to found schools with a testamentary act. Carlo M. Cipolla states that, in the complex dynamics between education and socio-economic development, there is only one certainty: in historical moments marked by great transformations, the lack of investment in education leads to an inexorable decline. In the 16th century, therefore, we can see the origin of the dichotomy that still separates Northern Italy from Southern Italy. The North invests in education and seizes an opportunity for development that has been lost in the South as in other Mediterranean regions. Lombardy represents an exemplary model in this regard. Carlo Borromeo’s project of civil and religious reform has its pivot in the school. Each social category must receive a religious founded education and, at the same time, useful and commensurate with its own professional and social needs. The essay does not fail to analyze the contribution of the new religious orders in the construction of the new educational system, both aimed at the popular classes and aimed at the bourgeoisie and elites.
Obiettivo del saggio è offrire un quadro di sintesi del ruolo delle istituzioni ecclesiastiche e della sensibilità religiosa nello sviluppo del sistema educativo italiano del XVI secolo. Il Cinquecento, è noto, segna uno spartiacque nella storia della scuola e dell’alfabetismo. È, infatti, con il Cinquecento che prende avvio il processo di alfabetizzazione di massa dell’Europa Occidentale. L’ampliamento degli accessi all’istruzione fu stimolato da fattori politici, economici (come la nascita dello Stato moderno e delle grandi compagnie commerciali) e culturali (la maggiore accessibilità alla lettura grazie all’evoluzione delle tecniche di stampa). Tuttavia, il contributo delle autorità civili allo sviluppo dei sistemi scolastici è marginale perché protagonisti sono le Chiese riformate e la Chiesa cattolica. L’intervento della Chiesa non è diretto ma è mediato ora da istituti ecclesiastici ora da una sensibilità religiosa che spinge i fedeli a fondare scuole per atto testamentario. Carlo M. Cipolla afferma che, nelle complesse dinamiche tra istruzione e sviluppo socioeconomico, vi è una sola certezza: nei momenti storici segnati da grandi trasformazioni, il mancato investimento in istruzione porta a un inesorabile declino. Nel Cinquecento, pertanto, possiamo vedere l’origine della dicotomia che ancora oggi separa l’Italia Settentrionale dall’Italia Meridionale. Il Nord investe in istruzione e coglie un’occasione di sviluppo andata persa nel Sud come in altre regioni mediterranee. La Lombardia rappresenta un modello esemplare a riguardo. Il progetto di riforma civile e religiosa di Carlo Borromeo ha il suo perno nella scuola. Ogni categoria sociale deve ricevere un’istruzione di impianto confessionale e commisurata alle proprie esigenze professionali e sociali. Il saggio non tralascia di analizzare il contributo dei nuovi ordini religiosi nella costruzione del nuovo sistema educativo, tanto rivolto alle classi popolari quanto rivolto alla borghesia e alle élite.
Chiesa e sistema educativo nell'Italia del XVI Secolo
Maurizio Piseri
2026-01-01
Abstract
The essay aims to offer a glance of the role of ecclesiastical institutions and religious sensitivity in the development of the Italian educational system in the 16th century. It is well known that the 16th century is a turning point in the history of school and literacy in Europe, because of the process of mass literacy in Western Europe begins. The expansion of access to education was stimulated by political, economic (such as the birth of the modern state and the birth of large commercial companies) and cultural factors (easer accessibility in readings thanks to the technical evolution of printing). However, the contribution of the civil authorities to the development of school systems is marginal because the protagonists are the Reformed Churches and the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church is not directly involved in the school system. The schools are opened by religious institutions or by individuals fascinated by a religious sensitivity QUADERNI DI INTERCULTURa 104 that pushes the faithful to found schools with a testamentary act. Carlo M. Cipolla states that, in the complex dynamics between education and socio-economic development, there is only one certainty: in historical moments marked by great transformations, the lack of investment in education leads to an inexorable decline. In the 16th century, therefore, we can see the origin of the dichotomy that still separates Northern Italy from Southern Italy. The North invests in education and seizes an opportunity for development that has been lost in the South as in other Mediterranean regions. Lombardy represents an exemplary model in this regard. Carlo Borromeo’s project of civil and religious reform has its pivot in the school. Each social category must receive a religious founded education and, at the same time, useful and commensurate with its own professional and social needs. The essay does not fail to analyze the contribution of the new religious orders in the construction of the new educational system, both aimed at the popular classes and aimed at the bourgeoisie and elites.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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